Time Value of Money - 2124 Words

Time Value of Money: Simple Interest versus Compound Interest Outline I. Applications of Time Value of Money 1.1 Example One 1.2 Example Two 2. Interest 2.1 What is Interest? 2.2 Three Variables of Interest 1. Principal 2. Interest Rate 3. Time 2.3 Why is Interest Charged? 3. Simple Interest 3.1 What is Simple Interest? 3.2 Simple Interest Formula 4. Compound Interest 4.1 What is Compound Interest? 4.2 Compound Interest Formula 5. Compound Interest Tables 1. Future Value of $1 2. Present Value of $1 3. Present Value of an Ordinary Annuity of $1 4. Present Value of an Annuity due 5. Present Value of a Deferred Annuity 6. Conclusion 7. References†¦show more content†¦Metal loans were based on weight. Before the concept of money came in existence, loans of grain and silver served as a bargaining tool to facilitate trade. Silver was used in town and grain was used in the country. Under the laws of usury, the collection of interest was forbidden. Today, interest rates are very closely watched market indicators. Interest rates have a dramatic effect on finance and economics. Interest As we discussed earlier, after investing $100 in a savings account at your local bank yielding 6% annually, you will have $106. The $6 earned is the interest on the initial deposit of $100. Interest is the â€Å"rent† paid for the use of money for some period of time, (Spiceland, Sepe, Nelson, pp. 322). Interest is also a surcharge on the repayment of borrowed money, the return derived from an investment, or the right to claim in a corporation such as that of creditor or owner. When we borrow money, interest is typically paid to the lender as a percentage of the principal or the amount owed to the lender, so, the larger the principal, the larger the dollar amount of principal. The interest rate is the percentage of the principal that is paid as a fee over a certain period of time (typically one month or year). If interests are high, the larger the amount of interest received. And the longer the funds remain in an account, the larger the dollar amount of interest. Becau se the bank is using the deposited funds, theShow MoreRelatedTime Value of Money1028 Words   |  5 Pagestoward understanding the relationship between the value of dollars today and that of dollars in the future is by looking at how funds invested will grow over time. This understanding will allow one to answer such questions as; how much should be invested today to produce a specified future sum of money? Time Value of Money In most cases, borrowing money is not free, unless it is a fiver for lunch from a friend. Interest is the cost of borrowing money. An interest rate is the cost stated as a percentRead MoreTime Value of Money1033 Words   |  5 PagesTime Value of Money (TVM), developed by Leonardo Fibonacci in 1202, is an important concept in financial management. It can be used to compare investment alternatives and to solve problems involving loans, mortgages, leases, savings, and annuities. TVM is based on the concept that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future. That is mainly because money held today can be invested and earn interest. A key concept of TVM is that a single sum of money or a series of equal,Read MoreTime Value of Money967 Words   |  4 PagesTime Value of Money The time value of money relates to many activities and decision in the financial world. â€Å"Understanding the effective rate on a business loan, the mortgage payment in a real estate transaction, or the true return on an investment depends on understanding the time value of money† (Block, Hirt, 2005). The concept of time value of money helps determine how financial assets are valued and how investors establish the rates of return they demand. Many different types of companiesRead MoreTime Value of Money2180 Words   |  9 PagesFinance Ââ€" Time Value of Money We earn money to spend it and we save money to spend it in the future. However, for most people spending money in the present time is more desirable since the future is unknown. We can gratify the desire to spend money today rather than in the future by knowing the basic law in finance Ââ€" time value of money. This means that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar at some time in the future. Unfortunately, people very often want to buy things at the present time whichRead MoreTime Value of Money3904 Words   |  16 PagesTime Value of Money Problems 1. What will a deposit of $4,500 at 10% compounded semiannually be worth if left in the bank for six years? a. $8,020.22 b. $7,959.55 c. $8,081.55 d. $8,181.55 2. What will a deposit of $4,500 at 7% annual interest be worth if left in the bank for nine years? a. $8,273.25 b. $8,385.78 c. $8,279.23 d. $7,723.25 3. What will a deposit of $4,500 at 12% compounded monthly be worth at the end of 10 years? a. $14,351.80 b. $14,851.80 c. $13,997.40 d. $14Read MoreTime Value of Money5284 Words   |  22 Pages12/9/2012 Chapter 9 The Time Value of Money 1 Chapter 9- Learning Objectives ïÆ' ¼ Identify various types of cash flow patterns (streams) that are observed in business. ïÆ' ¼ Compute (a) the future values and (b) the present values of different cash flow streams, and explain the results. ïÆ' ¼ Compute (a) the return (interest rate) on an investment (loan) and (b) how long it takes to reach a financial goal. ïÆ' ¼ Explain the difference between the Annual Percentage Rate (APR) and the Effective Annual RateRead MoreTime Value of Money2092 Words   |  9 PagesTime Value of Money The time value of money (TVM) or, discounted present value, is one of the basic concepts of finance and was developed by Leonardo Fibonacci in 1202. The time value of money (TVM) is based on the premise that one will prefer to receive a certain amount of money today than the same amount in the future, all else equal. As a result, when one deposits money in a bank account, one demands (and earns) interest. Money received today is more valuable than money received in the futureRead MoreTime Value of Money712 Words   |  3 Pageswill pay the bank over the life of the loan? $123,945.04 4. What is the effective rate of interest on a CD that has a nominal rate of 7.25 percent with interest compounded monthly? EAR = (1+.0725/12)^12 – 1 = 7.5% 5. What is the future value of $4,950 placed in a saving account for six years if the account pays 3%, compounded quarterly? PV = 4,950 N = 6 x 4 = 24 I =3/4 = .75% Pmt = - FV = $5,922.24 6. Your firm, Vandelay Industries, has just leased a $32,000 BMW for youRead MoreTime Value of Money and Present Value1154 Words   |  5 Pagescollege 15 years from today and the other will begin 17 years from today. You estimate your children’s college expenses to be $23,000 per year per child, payable at the beginning of each school year. The annual interest rate is 5.5 percent. How much money must you deposit in account each year to fund your children’s education? Your deposits begin one year from today. You will make your last deposit when your oldest child enters college. Assume four years of college Solution: Cost of 1 year atRead MoreTime Value of Money Essay708 Words   |  3 PagesTime Value of Money Project Show all your work! Name _________________ 1. If Mrs. Beach wanted to invest a lump sum of money today to have $100,000 when she retired at 65 (she is 40 years old today) how much of a deposit would she have to make if the interest rate on the C.D. was 5%? a. What would Mrs. Beach have to deposit if she were to use high quality corporate bonds an earned an average rate of return of 7%. b. What would Mrs. Beach have to deposit if she

Frankenstein, By Mary Shelley - 1237 Words

You Don’t Have to Be a Monster, to Be a Monster. Find the definition of what a monster is and it means multiple things. Two definitions that are applicable to Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein define monster as an imaginary monster that is large, ugly, and frightening or; as a person of repulsively unnatural character that exhibits extreme cruelty or wickedness as to appear inhuman (Oxford English Dictionary). While both meanings differ, the latter definition seeks to give negative character traits to an inhuman monster. However, the creation of a monster should not imply that monsters are inherently cruel or wicked. The traits associated with the term monster are a construct of what people believe inhuman monsters possess. By this logic,†¦show more content†¦After days and nights of incredible labor and fatigue, I succeeded in discovering the cause of generation and life; nay, more, I became myself capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter,† and yet after so much time spent on this discovery, Victor cann ot stomach what he has done, and he cruelly rejects his creation the moment it is animated (Shelley 52). Many of Victor’s close family and friends experience the hatred of Victor’s monster, because they are the only ones that Victor feels any relationship with, but Victor’s relationship with them is unnatural. Victor also only has one friend, Henry Cherval and seems to have difficult time acquiring close relations with others. Victor marries Elizabeth, but his relationship with her seems to be one based more on his possession of her versus one of emotional capacity or love as Victor envisions, â€Å"[Elizabeth] was only to be mine (Shelley 46). Victor sees Elizabeth as a prize or something to be owned, because â€Å"promised [himself] that from [his] detested toils it was the prospect of that day when [he] might claim Elizabeth,† that kept him going (Shelley 130). Victor does not perceive the aspects of a mutual relationship, for all of his relations are based off of his own selfishness. Victor is also cruel toward his creation quite often. When Victor first lays eyes on what he has created, he is horrified by what he has done, and he abandons his creation, since he is â€Å"unable to endure the aspect of theShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1650 Words   |  7 Pagesbook of Frankenstein does one just think of a mythical science fiction book that really has no meaning? Frankenstein can have numerous meanings depending on how a person perceives it. Frankenstein can be analyzed into many themes; some say religion, feminism, or scientific symbolization, it all depends on ones own perception. When one analyzes further into Mary Shelly’s life and then interprets the novel it is obvious that is a sociological theme. One can simply assume that Mary Shelley creates FrankensteinRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelley1093 Words   |  4 Pagesfaster than man can contend with. That argument is the premises, moral, and plot base for Mary Shelleys tale Frankenstein. On the other hand, J. Michael Bishops, essay Enemies of Promise   on the other hand promotes and boast sciences achievements. However, Mary Shelley presents her point of view subtly yet very dramatically, which is much more effective than that of J. Michael Bishop. The dramatic story Shelley creates becomes a part of the reader, therefore holding the readers attention. ShelleysRead MoreMary Shelley Frankenstein859 Words   |  4 Pages Mary Shelley The Creature in Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus† needs a companionship as every ordinary human. Every man needs a woman, who will able to share moments of happiness and sadness, a woman who will be able to share thoughts and of course a woman who will be able to love a man. In this case the Creature needs a bride. But the problem is that the Creature from the â€Å"Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus† is not a human. SoRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1138 Words   |  5 PagesIs Frankenstein a man, whose ambition led to a disaster; or a monster, which created a life with disregard for the human race? Frankenstein, in my opinion, was the monster not the life that he had created. Frankenstein never admitted to his family what he had done, never admitted responsibility for his actions. He might as well have killed Elizabeth, William, Justine, and Clerval with his own hand. The so called â€Å"Monster† only wanted companionship; he did not want to murder those people. TheRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1325 Words   |  6 PagesI have been informed that you are pushing to remove the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley from the school curriculum. I’ve decided to write to you and explain why I believe that you are misinformed, and in fact, why this is a huge importance to the students of today. Frankenstein is a classic which recounts the life and horrors of Victor Frankenstein, as told through a series of letters and narrations. His obsession with the natural world and science brings him to a state of mind which ultimatelyRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1580 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein by Mary Shelley is a sci-fi novel written during the Romantic Movement in Britain’s early nineteenth century. The movement was stimulated by the French Revolution, Industrial Revolution and in reaction against the emphasis on reason in eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosophy (The Romantic Movement, 2014 ). Mary Shelley’s husband, Percy Shelley was also a romantic poet during the movement. Shelley’s novel is evidently influenced by her relationship with her husband, which is illustratedRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelley739 Words   |  3 Pagesinterconnections of humanity, nature, and divinity (â€Å"Romanticism 1†). English Romanticism being trendy in Europe, people would vent their outlooks onto their personal fiction works such as Mary Shelley. Shelley uses vivid creativity and romantic elements to create one of her admired novels, Frankenstein. In Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, most of the characters prove their compassion for mankind, prove their rejection of technology and science, and prove their involvement in a romantic quest. These several characteristicsRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1040 Words   |  5 Pages In 1818, a book titled Frankenstein was published anonymously, mysteriously dedicated to William Godwin, a prominent journal ist and political philosopher of his time. The immediate reviews of the novel were mixed, most edging towards critical, although no one knew who the book was written by. However, while Frankenstein failed to gain popularity immediately, no one had any idea the lasting impact this novel would have on the world. Despite the lukewarm reception at its debut, it soon proved to beRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1078 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein has undoubtedly withstood the test of time. Frankenstein’s direct association with fundamental Gothic literature is extremely renowned. However, the novel’s originality is derived from the foundational thematic values found within the relationship (or lack there of) between Victor Frankenstein and the monster he had created, in combination with a fascinatingly captivating plot. Understandably, Frankenstein can often be associated with a multitude of concepts; however,Read MoreFrankenstein, By Mary She lley1532 Words   |  7 PagesLike any author, especially one who created a new genre, there will be criticism, and Shelley is no exception. Shelley received criticism surrounding Frankenstein not only because she was a female writer, but because of her writing style. Originally, Frankenstein was published anonymously and was thought that her husband, Percy Shelley, wrote it (â€Å"Mary Shelley Biography† 2016). Shelley may have published Frankenstein anonymously because â€Å"’women understood that they got a â€Å"better hearing† if it was thought

Ethic Notions Free Essays

DR. LINZIE SPRING 2013 MARLON RIGGS: ETHNIC NOTIONS 1. Which theoretical paradigm is presented in the film to study race relations? This video presents a symbolic integrationist perspective. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethic Notions or any similar topic only for you Order Now It evaluates how people in the United States have used symbols to belittle a race of people. Society used certain symbols and caricatures to communicate ideas to the general public. 2. What is socialization? Socialization is the lifelong process by which people learn the ways of the society in which they live. The process by which humans acquire a sense of self or a social identity, develop their human capacities, learn culture, and learn about the expected behaviors. 3. What is culture? (What are the two main forms of culture? ) Sociologically, culture is the way of life of a people. The two main forms of culture are material culture ( all the physical objects that people have invented or borrowed from other cultures) and nonmaterial culture ( the intangible human creations that include beliefs, values, norms, and symbols). . What is social structure? Social structure is a system that coordinates human activities in broadly predictable ways, shaping relationships and opportunities to connect to others, gives people an identity, puts up barriers to accessing resources and people, and determines the relative ease or difficulty with which those barriers can be broken. 5. What is identity and how do culture and social structure construct identity and socialize new members in terms of these im ages? The way we live and the people we socialize on a daily basis made a difference on how we identify ourselves. Cultures gives us ideas of what is acceptable and what material objects we have to play, work, and develop. Meanwhile, social structure gives us an advantage, or disadvantage that helps us develop skills and connections that will identify us. 6. What are the names and images used in each socio-economic period? – Emancipation (pre/post) -Reconstruction (pre/post) -Civil Rights (pre/post) NOTES: How to cite Ethic Notions, Papers

The Biggest Environmental Problem Of India -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss aboutThe Biggest Environmental Problem Of India. Answer: Introduction Pollution is referred as unwanted, harmful material which contaminates an environment, and it pollutes land, air or water; it is the introduction of poisonous or harmful substances which contaminates the air, water or land which is detrimental for the people and the environment. The lives and health of living organisms are negatively affected by the contamination of the atmosphere by harmful elements such as carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, plastic, and many other harmful chemicals. According to the data of World Health Organisation (WHO), India is worlds 8th most polluted country with most polluted urban areas that have an average concentration of 60.6 due to lack of environmental policies and negligence of government (Smith, 2017). As per the real-time Air Quality Index of 2017, Gwalior, a city in Madhya Pradesh, India, is the second most polluted city in the world (Nandil, 2017). This report will analyse the reason for high rate of air pollution in Gwalior, India a nd evaluates how the government has failed to address this issue. The report will evaluate the negative impact of air pollution on people and environment of Gwalior. Further, various recommendations will be provided in the report that can be adopted the government to address the air pollution issues in Gwalior. Background Environmental pollution is one of the biggest problems that world is facing today since it is causing irreparable damage to worlds natural resources. This is an important issue because it causes 40 percent of deaths worldwide (Lang, 2007). India is facing serious problems because of the high rate of air pollution in most of its major cities; Gwalior is the most polluted city in India (Gupta, 2016). This report is critical because it analyse how the state and national government have neglected their duties, and their careless attitude contributes to increases in air pollution rates in Gwalior. Lack of environmental policies increased the number of industries, vehicles, deforestation, and dilapidated roads in Gwalior which causes air pollution in the city (Mallick, 2016). Purpose and Scope The main purpose of this report is to analyse the causes and risks associated with high rate of air pollution in Gwalior, India. The scope of this study include evaluating the role of government in increasing rate of air pollution in major cities of India and how it is negatively affecting millions of people. The scope of this report will include failure of government policies which increases the rate of pollution in Gwalior. The report will provide various recommendations relating to environmental policies that can be implemented by the government for reducing the rate of air pollution in Gwalior. Analysis of the situation in Gwalior High rate of Pollution in Gwalior According to WHOs study, Gwalior, India is worlds second most polluted city; it has an average PM 2.5 concentration of 176 (Singh, 2016). Gwalior has more than three times the acceptable particulate matter levels in the air. They are tiny droplets in the air which causes small as well as serious health problems such as affecting lung function, asthma, heart disease and others. As per Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) study, the permissible particulate matter limit is 60 micrograms per cubic meter, and Gwalior stands at 329 micrograms which is five times more than the safety rating (Santoshi, 2015). According to the data provided by Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Gwalior is the leading city with most number of vehicles as compared to other cities in Madhya Pradesh. The city has more than 23 percent of diesel and 6.9 percent of petrol vehicles of the entire state that emit pollution which heavily contributes to increasing air pollution in the city (The Times of India, 2014). Various large and small industries operate in Gwalior which did not comply with local environmental policies; these industries use fossil fuel to power their operations which increases the rate of pollution in the city. Different emission in the air causes different health problems such as oxides of nitrogen cause respiratory issues such as shortness of breath or asthma whereas carbon mono oxide causes weakness and dizziness (Moretti and Neidell, 2011). Who is responsible? There are several factors which increase the rate of air pollution in Gwalior such as high population density, a large number of vehicles, fossil fuel powered industries, less greenery, dilapidated roads and others (Parihar et al., 2012). These factors have increased because of lack of government policies and carelessness. The government has failed to address various issues in Gwalior which allow corporations and people to take unfair advantage of natural resources (Guttikunda, Goel and Pant, 2014). Contribution of Industries The government of Madhya Pradesh has failed to monitor and control the activities of industries in Gwalior; most of the industries are small which are powered by fossil fuel. Many small industries cut trees from nearby forests and use coal or gas for powering their operations; the cutting of tree also result in increasing deforestation and decreasing greenery near the city (Ahmad et al., 2014). The government has failed to establish strict policies upon smaller industries which increase the cutting of trees and use of coal in production (The Free Press Journal, 2014). Congested areas Gwalior is a congested city with a population of 1.069 million people; most of the people are poor, and they are living below the poverty line. These individuals did not focus on environmental protection; they use fossil fuel for daily operations such as cooking or heating water because they are easily available at lower costs (Saxena and Saksena, 2012). People prefer to buy cheap vehicles, and they use public transport which causes high fuel consumption. The government has failed to provide basic education and health facilities to the people that hinder their development. High rate of illiteracy and poverty in Gwalior also increase air pollution since people avoid recycling policies (Chandra, 2012). Vehicle pollution The larger number of vehicles in Gwalior increases the rate of pollution; the government has failed to implement strict transport laws which ban motor corporations from manufacturing and selling vehicles in Gwalior (Shrivastava, Neeta, and Geeta, 2013). Most of the motor companies offer cheap vehicles to people that are highly pollutant and require larger number of petrol or diesel to work. In 2015 to 2016, there are more than 60,000 new vehicles purchased in Gwalior which increase the total number of vehicles to 440,000 (Narwaria, Chandramauli, and Bahuguna, 2017). The dilapidated roads in most of the locations of the city increase fuel consumption of vehicles because the municipal department has failed to build proper roads. Below mention table show growing rate of vehicles in Gwalior which prove that it is a serious issue. Figure 1: Registered Vehicles in Gwalior (Source: Narwaria, Chandramauli, and Bahuguna, 2017) Carelessness of the government The rate of corruption is considerably high in India, and most of the government officials avoid implementing environmental policies to take unfair advantage of public and national income (Sen, 2016). As per the story of Santoshi and Singh (2015), the government officials in Gwalior were surprised when WHO provided its report that Gwalior is the second most polluted city; it shows their carelessness towards the implementation of environmental policies in Gwalior. Impact of Government Policies Failure Due to the high rate of air pollution, temperature of Gwalior is continuously increasing which negatively affects the health of people and growing of crops (Verma and Saksena, 2010). In April-May, temperature of city-raised above 45 to 47 degree Celsius which is hazardous to the health of people. Following table shows growing temperature in Gwalior which is dangerous for agriculture production. Figure 2: Monthly mean Temperatures (Source: Narwaria, Chandramauli, and Bahuguna, 2017) The concentrations of nitrogen oxides in ambient air in various locations of Gwalior have increased which causes various health problems (Narwaria, Chandramauli, and Bahuguna, 2017). Following table shows growing rate of nitrogen oxides in Gwaliors which is hazardous for peoples health and crops. Figure 3: Concentration of Nitrogen Oxides (Source: Narwaria, Chandramauli, and Bahuguna, 2017) Conclusion Conclusively, the rate of air pollution is continuously increasing in Gwalior due to lack of strict government policies and carelessness which is causing various health issues. The air quality is decreasing because of various factors such as less greenery, number of vehicles, fossil fuel powered industries, dilapidated roads and others. The government has failed to address environmental issues in Gwalior which result in increasing the rate of air pollution in the city. Recommendations Following recommendations can be implemented by the government of Madhya Pradesh to address the issues of air pollution in Gwalior. Strict adherence to environmental norms can assist in reducing air pollution in Gwalior. Firstly, the government should ensure that industries are not powered by fossil fuel which can be achieved by registering and providing licenses to each plant and take strict actions against industries which are not registered or which use fossil fuel to power their operations. The government can also introduce mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which forces industries to implement and comply with environmental protection policies. The government should ensure that Motor corporations are not selling high-pollutant vehicles at low costs. Delhi government has banned 10-years old diesel vehicles and 2000cc heavy-load vehicles in the city which reduced the air pollution (Financial Express, 2016). Madhya Pradesh government should implement similar policies to reduce the number of vehicles in Gwalior. The government should also promote CNG vehicles and CNG public transportation to reduce the usage of petrol and diesel. The government should implement sustainable transportation in city, easy availability of clean household fuels, solid waste management, strict implementation of environmental policies, use of renewable energy and industrial emission reduction which will assist in reducing air pollution in Gwalior. References Ahmad, A.F., Sharma, H.K.J., Ahmad, R.M. and Rao, R.J.J. (2014) Impact of mining activities on various environmental attributes, with specific reference to health impacts in Shatabdi Purim, Gwalior, India.International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences,3(6), pp.81-86. Chandra, P. (2012) Indias Biggest Environmental Problem isPoverty. [Online] Alwayzpositive. Available at: https://alwyzbpositive.wordpress.com/2012/07/17/third-industrial-revolution/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. Financial Express. (2016) Diesel vehicles ban: NGT relief for owners of 10-year oldclunkers. [Online] Financial Express. Available at: https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/diesel-vehicles-ban-ngt-relief-for-owners-of-10-year-old-clunkers/323828/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. Gupta, V. (2016) MP's Gwalior is the most polluted Indian city: WHO. [Online] Inshorts. Available at: https://www.inshorts.com/news/mps-gwalior-is-the-most-polluted-indian-city-who-1475105424084 [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. Guttikunda, S.K., Goel, R. and Pant, P., 2014. Nature of air pollution, emission sources, and management in the Indian cities.Atmospheric environment,95, pp.501-510. Lang, S. S. (2007) Water, air and soil pollution causes 40 percent of deaths worldwide, Cornell research survey finds. [Online] Cornell Chronicle. Available at: https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2007/08/pollution-causes-40-percent-deaths-worldwide-study-finds [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. Mallick, A. (2016) Raipur, Gwalior More Polluted than New Delhi, Claims WHO Data. [Online] News18. Available at: https://www.news18.com/news/india/raipur-gwalior-more-polluted-than-new-delhi-claims-who-data-1318656.html [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. Moretti, E. and Neidell, M. (2011) Pollution, health, and avoidance behavior evidence from the ports of Los Angeles.Journal of human Resources,46(1), pp.154-175. Nandil, J. (2017) 10 of world's 20 most polluted cities in India : List inside. [Online] The Times of India. Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/10-of-worlds-20-most-polluted-cities-in-india-list-inside/articleshow/52249911.cms [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. Narwaria, B. S., Chandramauli, A., and Bahuguna, A. (2017) Air Pollution in Gwalior Region and Its Effects On Human's Health. [PDF] Scientific Journal of Impact Factor. Available at: https://www.ijaerd.com/papers/finished_papers/IJAERDV04I1179369.pdf [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. Parihar, S.S., Ajit, K., Ajay, K., Gupta, R.N., Manoj, P., Archana, S. and Pandey, A.C. (2012) Physico-chemical and Microbiological Management analysis of underground water in and around Gwalior city, MP, India.Research Journal of Recent Sciences, p. 2502. Santoshi, N. (2015) Gwalior still a concern with high pollution level. [Online] Hindustan Management Times. Available at: https://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/gwalior-still-a-concern-with-high-pollution-level/story-eSZlDDOqnLSCffFCVkPo9I.html [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. Santoshi, N. and Singh, U. (2015) Gwalior is Indias most polluted city, MP govt 'surprised'. [Online] Hindustan Times. Available at: https://www.hindustantimes.com/bhopal/gwalior-is-india-s-most-polluted-city-mp-govt-surprised/story-kvUUlSXgw4lhlSwiombd0L.html [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. Saxena, M. and Saksena, D.N. (2012) Water quality and trophic status of Raipur reservoir in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh.Journal of Natural Sciences Research,2(8), pp.82-96. Sen, T. (2016) India Is Not Doing Enough To Tackle Air Pollution. [Online] The Wire. Available at: https://thewire.in/69268/air-pollution-who-india/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. Shrivastava, R.K., Neeta, S. and Geeta, G. (2013) Air pollution due to road transportation in India: A review on assessment and reduction strategies.Journal of environmental research and development,8(1), p.69. Singh, K. (2016) Gwalior is the most polluted Indian city, not Delhi: WHOreport. [Online] Indian Express. Available at: https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gwalior-is-the-most-polluted-indian-city-not-delhi-who-report-3052946/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. Smith, O. (2017) Mapped: The world's most polluted countries. [Online] The Telegraph. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/maps-and-graphics/most-polluted-countries/ [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. The Free Press Journal. (2014) Why is Gwalior most polluted? HC asks pollution boards. [Online] The Free Press Journal. Available at: https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/why-is-gwalior-most-polluted-hc-asks-pollution-boards/495528 [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. The Times of India. (2014) HC: Why is Gwalior among worlds most polluted cities?. [Online] The Times of India. Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/HC-Why-is-Gwalior-among-worlds-most-polluted-cities/articleshow/45448931.cms [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. Verma, A.K. and Saksena, D.N. (2010) Impact of pollution on sewage collecting river Kalpi (Morar) Gwalior (MP) with special reference to water quality and macrozoobenthic fauna.Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences,1(1), pp.155-161.